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Poster Presentations
- Poster 1: Research, Design, and Construction of an 18th Century Versailles Court Gown
Maya Jones / University of Pittsburgh / Theatre Arts and History
Versailles is synonymous with extravagance and excess, especially in the period Marie-Antoinette reigned. She is especially notorious for the huge sum she spent on her wardrobe, and I wanted to learn how deserved that notoriety was. For this project, I took a deep dive into the court fashions of Versailles in the 18th century, drawing from paintings, fashion plates, extent garments, and historical patterns to design and construct my own court-appropriate gown. In the process, I also researched how the end of the sumptuary laws, the birth of fashion magazines, and the competitive silk industry contributed to the creation of the fashion industry as we know it today, complete with fast-fashion trends and a thriving second-hand clothing industry. This research informed the decisions I made in creating the dress, deepening my understanding of the trends of the period in order to be able to create something that is both historically accurate and a totally new design. The gown is made from silk taffeta and supported by undergarments made of cotton, silk, linen, steel hooping wire, and synthetic whalebone. After a year on display at Hillman Library, it has now been moved to the 16th floor of the Cathedral of Learning.- Poster 2: Unraveling Neural Mechanisms of Binge Eating Through Spectral Dynamic Causal Modeling
Etienne Atangana / University of Miami / Neuroscience
Binge eating is associated with altered brain connectivity, yet the directional patterns underlying these changes remain unclear. We analyzed the effective connectivity (EC) of brain regions implicated in binge eating. Resting-state fMRI data were analyzed in 158 healthy participants (age: 38.02 ± 12.82, 112 females) using spectral dynamic causal modeling to examine EC patterns within an a priori food processing network. We used the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire to identify a binge eating group (N = 30) and a control group (N = 128). We also used the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire to explore the EC patterns characterizing eating traits related to binge eating. Results revealed stronger EC patterns in the binge eating group in regions implicated in cognitive control, reward processing, and homeostatic regulation. Notably, a stronger inhibitory connection from the ventral tegmental area to the hypothalamus was observed in the binge group and participants with higher disinhibition and hunger scores. Similarly, the posterior cingulate excitatory self-connection was significantly stronger in the binge group and participants with higher disinhibition scores. A Mann-Whitney U test revealed that the binge eating group had significantly higher dietary restraint (U = 1402.5, p< .05) and disinhibition (U = 1216.0, p < .05) scores compared to controls. These findings highlight directional intrinsic connectivity patterns associated with binge eating and their links to specific eating traits. Such connectivity patterns may serve as biomarkers for binge eating susceptibility, offering valuable insights to inform targeted interventions and treatment strategies for binge eating disorder.- Poster 3: An Impedimetric Immunoassay for the Cytokine Interleukin-6 via Molecularly Imprinted Polymers on Nanoporous Gold
Erin King / University of Notre Dame / Chemical Engineering
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine expressed in macrophages as a response to viral infection, stress, or other psychiatric conditions. While biological levels of IL-6 are usually around 5 pg/mL, a broad range of diseases trigger severe immune responses releasing ""cytokine storms"" with up to 3 orders of magnitudes increased biological levels. For example, traumatic brain injury (TBI), a leading cause of death and disability affecting millions of people in the U.S. each year, has been linked to increased IL-6 levels in the human body. Thus, early detection of severe immune response is vital, raising the need for real-time sensing of cytokine levels in non-invasive body fluids for easy and facilitated sample collection. In this work, we demonstrate the effectiveness of using molecularly-imprinted polymers (MIPs) on nanoporous electrochemical sensors to enable the rapid and ultrasensitive detection of IL-6. To monitor varying levels of cytokines, we molecularly imprint the cytokine of interest into a C2R polymer matrix for biomimetic immunoconjugate formation at the MIP binding pocket. We then perform electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to determine how the impedance at the surface of the electrode changes with increasing concentration of IL-6. The sensor exhibits the capability to successfully detect IL-6 concentrations within the range of 0.1 pg/mL – 100 pg/mL, covering the biologically relevant cytokine levels with a limit of detection of 114 pg/mL. Our results indicate that real-time sensing of cytokines can be accomplished using an ultrasensitive nanoporous electrochemical sensor and provide significant contributions to the field of point-of-care diagnostics.- Poster 4: Advancing Analytical Techniques for REOB Detection and Quantification in Asphalt Binder
Rudy Santayana / Florida State University / Civil Engineering
Asphalt binders play a crucial role in pavement durability, making quality control essential for infrastructure longevity. Re-refined Engine Oil Bottoms (REOB), a petroleum-based additive, are sometimes introduced to asphalt to reduce costs but, at high concentrations, can increase the risk of premature pavement failure. This study aims to analyze the potential use of Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) for both detecting and quantifying REOB in asphalt binders. Additionally, TGA will be compared with existing testing methods, such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), to evaluate their predictive capabilities. By assessing these techniques, this research seeks to enhance understanding of REOB detection and quantification, contributing to the development of more effective, standardized testing approaches for asphalt binder quality control.- Poster 5: Combating Gender Inequality through Serious Games
Jocelyn Le / Georgia Institute of Technology / Computational Media
Gender-based discrimination is an ongoing challenge impacting the lives of women and transgender individuals, especially in light of the current political landscape’s reversal of sentiments for diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI). However, through emerging technologies such as Serious (video) Games, empirically evidenced struggles of gender-based discrimination can be presented to general audiences as a means to act as a catalyst for social change. “Selene” is a text-based game prototype that follows the perspective of a Black trans girl to address gender inequality and educate people about common struggles from the trans experience. The game’s narrative bases itself on data highlighting the multitude of socioeconomic and physiological dangers experienced by this intersectional demographic compared to other gender and racial groups. It was play-tested amongst 15 individuals with varying gender identities to corroborate its narrative and measure its impact on educating users on the varying dimensions of gender-based discrimination. Further research, specifically through interviewing Black trans women, can help bolster the primary research at the foundation of the project's unique and intersectional niche. Considering the rapidly expanding markets for game design and digital media, Serious Games like “Selene” should be leveraged to engage with larger audiences and introduce people outside of traditional academic spheres to the importance of research and advocacy. With user research and design thinking as a framework for enacting change, it is possible to create more accessible and diverse works that advocate for underrepresented populations through interactive, human-centered media.- Poster 6: Investigating the Mechanism of Seizure Generation in Mouse Models of Childhood Absence Epilepsy
Anna Grace Carns / University of Virginia / Biology
Childhood Absence Epilepsy (CAE) affects up to 8 in 100,000 children under 15 years of age. Children with CAE experience brief but frequent seizures, known as absence seizures, that cause sudden loss of consciousness. Absence seizures are associated with learning difficulties and attentional deficits. Currently, no cure exists for CAE and existing treatments often cause intolerable side effects, resulting in these medications failing as treatments. This failure motivates our goal to resolve cellular- and circuit-level mechanisms of absence seizure generation. Characterizing these mechanisms will inform novel treatment strategies for this common form of pediatric epilepsy. This study surveyed the neuronal activity of ~20 brain structures in mouse models of absence epilepsy. We found that midline thalamic and hippocampal nuclei are active early during seizures, suggesting a new possible model of absence epilepsy initialization. Additionally, we found that the central lateral thalamus presents strong synchrony with surrounding brain structures during seizures. We hypothesize that these brain structures are essential for seizure generation and could serve as possible treatment targets. Future experiments will include inhibiting these nuclei. We expect that the number and/or duration of seizures will decrease. Our findings are the first step in developing novel therapeutic strategies for patients with CAE.- Poster 7: Developing an artificial intelligence algorithm for morphometric quantification of pancreatic islet mass in mice
Alexandra Zaffuts / University of Virginia / Bioethics and Astronomy
T2DM is a condition in which an afflicted individual's body is unable to properly regulate blood levels of glucose mainly due to issues in the body's response to insulin. Diabetes is the leading cause or mortality and disability in the Americas. Additionally, it is one of the primary risk factors for the leading cause of death in the United States, heart disease. According to the CDC, adults with diabetes are twice as likely as adults without diabetes to have heart disease or a stroke. It is known that environmental factors affect the likelihood of developing T2DM, however, the Shi Lab, in collaboration with colleagues, recently observed that islet mass is inversely associated with the genetic susceptibility to T2DM among hyperlipidemic mouse strains. To further study this observation, the genetics of islet mass need to be investigated through histological methods. Islet sizes from histological sections from hundreds of mice need to be collected, stained, and morphometrically measured. The staining and manual quantification of numerous pancreatic islets is time consuming and expensive, thus, increasing the rate at which clinical research in this area is being done is crucial. This project develops an artificial intelligence algorithm to automate quantifying islet mass on histological sections of the pancreas. Initial results are promising, with the algorithm recognizing H&E stained tissued. Future steps involve further training in order to increase islet identification accuracy. These results, in collaboration with prior Shi Lab data, will help eluicidate the genetic connection between T2DM and heart disease.
- Poster 8: Understanding the function of the human copper transporter 1 (hCtr1) protein through N-terminal model peptide mutants
Kaylee Ruth / Duke University / Chemistry
Cu is an essential micronutrient for human health that is obtained from the diet; it is absorbed by enterocytes via a transmembrane channel called the human copper transporter 1 (hCtr1) protein. hCtr1 consists of three domains: an N-terminal ectodomain, a transmembrane channel, and an intracellular domain. While extracellular Cu is in the Cu(II) state, only Cu(I) is transported by hCtr1. The process by which the protein acquires Cu(I) is unknown, however the hCtr1 ectodomain possesses both Cu(II) and Cu(I) binding sites within close proximity, and previous work suggests that the N-terminus may act as a reductase domain. The work presented here is aimed at uncovering the sequence-dependence of the reductase behavior. We have synthesized model peptides replicating the first 14 residues of the N-terminus (MDHSHHMGMSYMDS), including a WT (wildtype) peptide and four "mutant" peptides. We have measured Cu binding affinity, coordination structure, and reductase activity of each peptide-Cu complex. Our results will be presented, along with a discussion of the sequence dependence of hCtr1 reductase activity and the implications of this work for broader understanding of extracellular Cu trafficking.- Poster 9: Socioeconomic and demographic predictors of Entamoeba spp. infection in rural Madagascar
Lauren Valle / Duke University / Biology
My project aims to address the following question: “What are the key socioeconomic and demographic predictors of Entamoeba sp. gastrointestinal parasite infection in rural Madagascar, and how do these factors interact to influence transmission dynamics?” Entamoeba infection is found globally; however, it is most common in tropical countries and areas of poor sanitation–having a disproportionate burden on developing nations. Transmission occurs through the fecal-oral route and can result in symptoms like cramps, bloody or watery diarrhea, and weight loss, which may last many weeks. Although certain aspects of rural Malagasy communities may contribute to the transmission and infection of Entamoeba, the specific predictors within these populations remain largely underexplored. I am particularly interested in how socioeconomic disparities shape high-risk behaviors and transmission dynamics, with a focus on wealth as both a direct and indirect determinant of exposure to Entamoeba. Indicators of wealth, like access to healthcare, often reflect broader socioeconomic conditions. By investigating various dimensions by which wealth may influence Entamoeba infection, I aim to better understand how economic opportunity and constraints contribute to infection risk in rural Malagasy communities. With data collected via survey instruments, I utilize statistical modeling to identify associations between various factors and parasite infection rates.- Poster 10: Potential Protein-Protein Interactions on the Bacillus Spore Inner Membrane
Abigail Detloff / Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University / Microbiology
Bacterial spores can be dormant for many years, and, through spore germination, can become metabolically active again within minutes. Some spore-forming species have toxic properties that make them disease-causing. Spores are difficult to kill due to their resistance to heat, chemicals, and physical layered components. One key component of spores’ layered structure is the inner membrane, separating the spore core and cortex, which limits permeability of chemicals to enter the core. A lipoprotein complex exposed on the membrane's outer surface has been shown to stabilize the inner membrane. We now look to determine any interactions between these lipoproteins and other germination-active proteins that contribute to the stabilization of the membrane and germination ability. This was accomplished by the construction of bacterial two-hybrid plasmids, followed by cotransformation of these new plasmids into E. coli. Both qualitative and quantitative assays of strain phenotypes were performed to identify any protein-protein interactions. The qualitative assay results have not produced apparent indications of protein-protein interactions. However, results from quantitative analysis demonstrate possible weak interactions between the lipoproteins and between specific domains of each protein. Work accomplished throughout this project can be used to understand more about spore resistance and germination. When the cell goes through germination, it becomes weakened and much easier to attack, and figuring out what types of interactions allow the most efficient germination will point to possible means of attack on the weakened cells and further prevention of infection/disease.- Poster 11: Settler Colonialism: A Case-Study Analysis of Dam Infrastructure in the American West
Kassidy Haynes / University of Louisville / Geography
In 17th-century North America, a number of world powers began extensive colonial efforts to assert geopolitical dominance. Because infrastructure preceded much formal, highly concentrated settlement in the western United States, this region experienced the oppression of settler colonialism in distinct manifestations relative to the east. Namely, the physical imposition of construction projects such as dams established early dynamics of differential power and control between the federal government and the diverse Indigenous peoples traditionally inhabiting the American West. Today, experts question the utility of large federal dams amid worsening conditions of climate change: patterns of greater incidence and severity of extreme weather events undoubtedly threaten aging dam infrastructure. Indigenous peoples and other historically disadvantaged groups continue to face the majority of the consequences of dam projects despite persistent exclusion from decision-making. This research proposal will culminate in an analysis of encouraged Indigenous involvement in environmental governance through the lens of dams. It asks the following question: How have Indigenous peoples been included in or excluded from the development of dam construction and deconstruction projects throughout the history of the American West? This exploration of modern settler colonialism derives conclusions with respect to this question from four case studies: the Dalles Dam, the Klamath River dams (which no longer exist), the Grand Coulee Dam, and the Glen Canyon Dam. The analysis for this senior capstone project with anticipated completion in the early spring of 2025 will rely on pre-existing materials in archival collections, such as oral histories and government documents.- Poster 12: When do voters support corrupt candidates for public office?
Margaret Linker / Wake Forest University / Politics and International Affairs and Sociology
When will voters support a political candidate they suspect is corrupt? The results of prior research are complex and do not clearly explain voter support for corrupt candidates in recent elections. We use a conjoint survey experiment to study the link between candidate corruption and voter support in an American presidential primary election. Respondents view biographical vignettes with randomly selected characteristics for two candidates from their party, then choose which they would prefer as their party’s presidential nominee. We are interested in (1) whether respondents (American registered voters) will react to media reports of a candidate’s corruption, (2) whether partisanship leads respondents to value a candidate who can win the general election more than an honest candidate, (3) whether some forms of corruption (bribery, embezzlement, sextortion, or vote-buying) lead to greater loss of support than others, and (4) whether a candidate’s gender changes the way that voters evaluate allegations of candidate corruption. We find that voters of all parties strongly prefer honest candidates, even if those candidates are less likely to win general elections, and react less to corruption allegations against women.- Poster 13: Exploring Distressing Voice-Hearing Experiences in a Tanzanian Mental Health Clinic: A Qualitative Study
Taylor Shimizu / Southern Methodist University / Chemistry
Hearing distressing voices is a strong indicator of a potential mental health concern. Evidence-based practices to address distressing voice-hearing developed in the West may not be appropriate in contrasting sub-Saharan Africa. This study interviewed patients who reported hearing voices and were using a mental health clinic in Tanzania about their voice-hearing experiences. It was found that there were distinctions in the voice-hearing experience across cultures and Western therapeutic approaches need to be adapted to cultural contexts. -- Poster 14: Exploring the Neural Basis of Song Recognition in Drosophila melanogaster
Emma Payne / North Carolina State University / Biological Sciences
Detecting patterns within acoustic communication signals is crucial for social interactions among animals, yet how brains recognize these sound patterns remains unclear. This study investigates sound pattern recognition using fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster), a powerful model for understanding brain function. Male D. melanogaster produce mating songs composed of sine and pulse elements that influence female behavior. Some auditory neurons are selective for sine vs. pulse song, yet how the output of these neurons shape fly behavior is not known. To uncover potential roles for sine-preferring neurons, we quantified direct connections with descending neurons (DNs), which drive motor responses. Surprisingly, we found minimal direct output to DNs, suggesting that sine-preferring neurons shape auditory processing within the central brain rather than directly driving behavior. To reveal the role of sine-preferring neurons in the central brain, here we focus on AVLP_pr22, an excitatory sine-preferring neuron. We are testing which sound cues this neuron uses to recognize sine song by delivering sounds spanning the boundaries between sine and pulse song. Using two-photon imaging of a fluorescent calcium indicator, we are recording the neural activity of AVLP_pr22 in response to sounds that vary in frequency and temporal structure. We quantify how different sound cues impact neural activity, which will reveal which sound features are most important for sine song recognition. This study enhances our understanding of how Drosophila brains detect meaningful patterns from within sounds, highlights AVLP_pr22’s role in auditory processing, and lays the foundation for future research on neural mechanisms of song discrimination.- Poster 15: Developing an AAV-Based Gene Therapy Vector for the Treatment of Mucopolysaccharidosis IIID
Neil Sud / University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill / Biology and Neuroscience
Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) IIID is an ultra-rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease caused by the lack of N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfatase (GNS), a lysosomal enzyme responsible for breaking down heparan sulfate (HS), a biologically important glycosaminoglycan (GAG). The disease manifests in all organs with severe progressive neurological impairment, leading to a high mortality and premature deaths. Currently, no treatments are available for treating MPS IIID. This study utilized a recombinant Adeno-associated virus (rAAV) gene therapy vector for MPS IIID to address this critical unmet need. While the blood-brain barrier (BBB) generally prevents therapeutics from reaching the central nervous system (CNS), the trans-BBB neurotropism of AAV9 offers a promising gene delivery method for neurogenetic diseases like MPS IIID. An efficient self-complementary (scAAV9- mCMV-hGNS) vector was therefore developed to deliver a functional copy of the GNS gene systemically to correct for the genetic defect. In vitro studies using human MPS IIID skin fibroblast cells showed that this vector mediates efficient expression and secretion of recombinant GNS enzyme (rGNS). The scAAV9-mCMV-hGNS gene therapy vector was then tested in 1-2-month-old MPS IIID knockout mouse models via systemic delivery through intravenous injection at doses of 5e12 vg/kg, 1e13 vg/kg, 2e13 vg/kg, and 5e13 vg/kg. Administration of the vector resulted in rapid expression of the functional rGNS enzyme and clearance of lysosomal GAG storage in the CNS and peripheral tissues in MPS IIID mice at 1 month post injection. Systemically delivered vector genomes were differentially biodistributed in the tissues of injected mice. Long-term studies are still in progress with animals set to undergo behavior testing at 8 months of age. Subsets of animals in each dose group are being observed for longevity. Along with highly reproducible efficacy and safety profiles of systemic AAV9 gene delivery, these initial preclinical findings in MPS IIID mice support the therapeutic potential of the scAAV9-mCMV-hGNS gene therapy vector for the treatment of MPS IIID.- Poster 16: Examining the role of sex in bone remodeling using differential feeding stresses
Mary Grace Flowers / Clemson University / Biochemistry
While we think of the human skeleton as static, it completely regenerates itself in about 10 years through a process called bone remodeling. Our goal was to explore the impact of feeding-related stresses on the facial skeleton of fishes, and if the sex of the fish affected bone remodeling. We found that female fishes responded more significantly to feeding stressors than males, which may indicate that patients of different sexes need distinct treatments in dentistry, orthopedics, or other medical procedures that require bone remodeling.- Poster 17: Poverty and Peso: The Relationship Between Inflation and Poverty in Contemporary Argentina
Hunter Linton / Boston College / Economics and Hispanic Studies
Argentina's most recent inflationary crisis began in the late 2010s and spans across three presidential administrations, each with distinct policies that have affected the socio-economic welfare of Argentines across all categories. This paper builds upon the work of the IMF and the World Bank, together with the data from Argentina's INDEC, to identify key components of the relationship between inflation and inequality in Argentina, specifically as it pertains to the real wages of workers in the private, public, and informal sector, and furthermore as it relates to social indicators such as indigence and increased socioeconomic stratification. In addition, analytical policy reviews of presidents Mauricio Macri (center-right), Alberto Fernández (center-left), and Javier Milei (libertarian) distinguish each administration and give special consideration to the current state of austerity measures in the Argentine Republic.- Poster 18: The Symbols of Life and Death in San Ignacio, a Jesuit Church: A Funerary Archaeological Approach in Bogotá, Colombia
Alejandro Soto Camacho / North Carolina State University / Sociology and Anthropology
This project addresses the relationship between culture, funerary practices, and Jesuit religion at San Ignacio Church in Bogotá, Colombia through a demographic analysis of individuals interred in the crypt, a visual analysis of symbolism on the headstones, and historical research. The crypt includes approximately 485 individuals in single and common graves from the late 19th century to the present. The average age at death for adults (n=108) is 67 years. There is an increase in the number of burials during the mid-20th century when Colombian society was experiencing political upheaval. The arrangement of the crypt illustrates social hierarchies since individuals paid more for chambers closer to the crypt’s altar or for burial in the church instead of a city cemetery due to fears of witchcraft and grave desecration. The earliest gravestones were decorated with inscribed standard religious iconography without personalization, but a change in church regulations in the late 20th century allowed for individual dedications, metallic decorations, or relief sculptures. This research suggests death perception and the afterlife are intricately linked to cultural perspectives, social hierarchies, and socioeconomic status.- Poster 19: Characterization of Soil Microbes Isolated from an Experimental Natural Gas Pipeline Leak
Vigna Lavu / Southern Methodist University / Biological Sciences
Methane is the most abundant hydrocarbon in the atmosphere and is a potent greenhouse gas (GHG). A major source of methane emissions are anthropogenic subsurface sources that eak methane into the surrounding soil before escaping to the atmosphere. However, some rare bacteria have evolved unique metabolisms to oxidize and consume methane as their primary carbon source, termed methanotrophs. Here, we utilized an experimental field site to simulate a 5d methane pipeline leak and collected soil samples to measure changes in microbial community dynamics. We applied a variety of molecular techniques to extract DNA and characterize isolated strains. Ultimately, these methanotrophs are the only known biological sink for methane and present an opportunity to understand how these may be exploited for methane remediation.- Poster 20: An investigation of comorbidities: An analysis of symptoms, quality of life, and poor health outcomes in patients with knee osteoarthritis and hypertension
Ilana Kersh / University of Pittsburgh / Public Health
Using a previously existing dataset, this study examined 182 individuals with knee Osteoarthritis (OA) and hypertension to better understand the effects of symptoms and additional comorbidities on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). A literature review, a correlational descriptive design, the SF-36 quality of life questionnaire (with both Physical and Mental domains), a comorbidity questionnaire, a demographic questionnaire, and statistical analyses, were used to examine the HRQoL, specific comorbidity patterns, symptomology, and demographic implications among individuals with OA and comorbid illnesses. Comorbidities of bone fractures (n=61), depression (n=58), and anxiety (n=48), and symptoms of joint pain (n=164), back pain (n=98), and fatigue (n=91) were most prevalent. Bone fractures (p=0.009) and anxiety (p=0.031) significantly impacted PCS; anxiety (p<0.001) and depression (p<0.001) significantly affected MCS. Joint pain (p=0.011), back pain (p=0.041), and fatigue (p<0.001) significantly impacted PCS; back pain (p=0.022) and fatigue (p<0.001) significantly affected MCS. Scheffe post hoc tests revealed that both anxiety and depression combined had significantly lower MCS (p<0.001), while those with sleep issues and fatigue combined had significantly lower PCS (p<0.001). Increasing number of comorbidities significantly decreased PCS (p<0.001) and MCS (p=0.001). ANOVA tests highlighted that Non-whites reported lower MCS compared to Whites (p=0.040) Women vs men (p=0.036) and those with income < $50,000 vs. income ≥ $50,000 (p=0.002) had lower PCS. This study highlights the effect of comorbidities on HRQoL, emphasizing the need to address both physical and mental health, while also considering social determinants of health.- Poster 21: The Power of Logic Programming: Solving Complex Graph Problems with Prolog
Claire Yuanmin Yin / University of Notre Dame / Computer Science and Political Science
Our research explores the use of Prolog to address complex graph problems usingsubgraph isomorphism. Prolog is a powerful logic programming language with indexing and pattern matching capabilities. Subgraph isomorphism is a method for solving complex graph problems, using a small graph as a pattern to identify a set of vertices with matching edges within a larger graph. The identification of patterns in large, complex graphs is a significant challenge in computing and many other areas. This research focuses on a specific relatively complex graph pattern for which multiple conventional implementations (including parallel) exist (graph dataset from IARPA AGILE). Our goal is to understand the complexity differences between programming logically and programming conventionally. By translating the graph into logical Prolog statements, we analyze the efficiency and scalability of this approach compared to conventional methods. The Prolog implementation uses a subgraph pattern to identify the root node in a dataset. Our analysis shows that using a logic paradigm is an efficient way to solve complex graph problems. Prolog simplifies the expression of graph problems, allowing for deductive problem-solving without sacrificing performance. This work discusses the process of converting subgraph patterns into Prolog rules, evaluates execution performance across varying dataset sizes, and compares the Prolog implementation to conventional approaches. Our results highlight the potential of logic programming in tackling complex graphs problems and its broader applicability to graph research.- Poster 22: Childhood Household Chaos and Reading Motivation
Cory Balon / Florida State University / Psychology
Various contextual factors influence children’s academic development and are the subject of extensive research. The purpose of this study is to expand the research of chaotic home environments in relation to reading motivation. Participants included children from the Florida Twin Project on Reading (Hart et al., 2021; n = 390) aged 9 to 11 years. The home environment was assessed with the Confusion, Hubbub, and Order Scale (CHAOS). Motivation was assessed using the Motivations for Reading Questionnaire (MRQ). Pearson’s correlation and regression analyses were performed to determine the relation between a chaotic home environment and reading motivation. Supplemental group analyses were performed to determine if differences in home chaos and reading motivation based on academic achievement were present--with groupings categorized by ‘A’, ‘B’, or ‘C’ gradings, with between-group differences based on motivation and chaos separately. Results indicated a weak but significant relation between home chaos and certain motivation variables. However, significant differences were observed between groups regarding reading motivation for those achieving an A compared to those with a B or C. No differences were observed in chaos ratings among the three groups. These findings emphasize the complex relation between academic achievement and motivation in the context of a chaotic home environment. While a strong relation between chaotic home environments and reading motivation was not found, the results suggest that higher-performing students may have higher motivation. Future research should focus on the contextual mechanisms underlying motivation differences and how to enhance motivation in children from more chaotic backgrounds.
- Poster 23: Depression, Physical Symptoms, and the Moderating Role of Cortisol Among Older Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Treatment
Sara Ebrahimi / University of Miami / Microbiology & Immunology and Global Health Studies
Introduction: Physical symptoms are common in breast cancer (BC) patients and relate to increased depression. Cortisol dysregulation, reflecting chronic stress, is also linked to depression. Greater evening cortisol, reflecting a disrupted di-urnal pattern may amplify effects of these physical symptoms on depression in older patients. Older (>50 years), distressed nonmetastatic BC patients enrolled in a stress management intervention trial after completing surgery completed measures of depression(Center for Epidemiological Survey-Depression, CES-D), fatigue (Fatigue Symptom Index, FSI), pain interference (Brief Pain Inventory, BPI), and sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI). Women provided 4pm and 9pm saliva samples on two consecutive days, averaged to create an evening cortisol level. Linear regression tested whether cortisol moderated this symptom x depression relationship, adjusting for age and cancer stage. Participants (N=54) were primarily White (87.04%) and non-Hispanic (59.25%)(MAge=61.52; SD=7.07). Higher FSI (B=.31, SE= .06, p<.001), BPI (B=.32, SE= .06, p<.001), and lower PSQI (B=1.22, SE= .26, p<.001) were associated with greater CES-D. The effect of FSI on CES-D was moderated by cortisol levels (B=.17, SE= .08, p=.034), such that among patients with higher PM cortisol levels greater FSI fatigue was associated with greater CES-D depression, while this association was less pronounced in women with lower PM cortisol levels(see Figure 1). Cortisol did not moderate relations between BPI or PSQI and CES-D. Chronic stress during treatment may amplify the effects of fatigue on depressive symptoms justifying interventions to help manage stress in older BC patients presenting with elevated PM cortisol.- Poster 24: Indicator Bacterium Survival Peaks in Brackish Waters
Elizabeth Eroshenko / Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University / Environmental Science
The goal of this project was to determine a threshold for salinity effects on the survival of Escherichia coli, an indicator bacterium for waterborne pathogens in environmental waters such as streams and rivers. Historically, E. coli has not been used as an indicator bacterium in brackish or marine water because previous research have shown decreased E. coli survival at higher salinity. However, recent research has shown that as freshwater salinity increases due to human activities such as deicing and agriculture, the survival rate of E. coli also increases. But it is unclear within the brackish range (about 1500 to 45000 μS/cm) where the effect of salinity on E. coli changes from positive to negative. Finding this break point was the goal of this experiment. Our hypothesis was that as brackish salinity increases, the survival rate of E. coli will increase, but then drop off at a certain point. To test this, microcosms of water ranging in salinity within the brackish range was inoculated with E. coli K12 and the concentration of bacteria was be sampled over the span of two weeks to determine the decay rate. The results showed that the concentration of E. coli peaked at 5000 μS/cm before declining. This transition from increasing to decreasing survival is likely due to a shift from hypo- to hyperosmotic stress. As brackish ecosystem salinities increase due to climate change and changes in water use, E. coli may become a more inaccurate indicator of health risks if waterborne pathogens respond differently.- Poster 25: The Health Insurance Divide: A Comparative Analysis of Dominant U.S. Industries
Millet Ding / Wake Forest University / Applied Mathematics and Economics
Employer-sponsored insurance (ESI) remains the primary source of health coverage for most Americans, yet participation rates vary significantly across industries. This study examines three of the largest U.S. industries—manufacturing, healthcare, and retail—each with comparable employment levels. Using CBSA-level data from 2011 to 2019, we find that while manufacturing and healthcare consistently report higher ESI participation rates (averaging 25–27%), the retail sector lags behind, with average participation rates as low as 7–8%. To better understand these disparities, this analysis considers potential contributing factors, including geographic distribution, union presence, and local socioeconomic conditions. By highlighting industry-specific trends and structural differences, this research provides a clearer picture of which sectors offer the best access to ESI and where significant gaps remain.- Poster 26: Paths to Parenthood: In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) Narratives from Quy Nhon, Vietnam
Vivian Thai / Southern Methodist University / Health and Society
Women experiencing infertility often face social pressure and stigmatization, particularly in cultures where childbearing is highly valued. This study examines the cultural, social, and economic challenges encountered by women seeking in vitro fertilization (IVF) at Binh Dinh General Provincial Hospital in Quy Nhon, Vietnam. Based on over 35 interviews and thematic analysis, it explores stigmatization, mental well-being, and use of alternative medicine throughout the IVF process in provincial Vietnam.- Poster 27: Spatiotemporal Changes of CHIP and their Contribution to the Spinocerebellar Ataxias
Joe Danica Inigo / University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill / Neuroscience and Quantitative Biology
I am investigating the impact that the location of CHIP, a protein encoded by the gene STUB1, has on necroptotic signaling and neurodegeneration. While it is known that CHIP is a vital protein with the protein quality control system within the purkinje cell layer in the cerebellum, specifically where within these cells the CHIP protein is located and expressed remains to be elucidated. Changes in the locality and thus the expression of this protein could impact the mechanism and severity through which necroptosis occurs within the cell. To test this, I will analyze existing single cell RNA data and use PAN expansion microscopy techniques to visualize spatiotemporal distribution of CHIP within the cerebellum.- Poster 28: Are common mycorrhizal networks stable under warming and drought?
Ayla Ray / Syracuse University / Biology and Environment, Sustainability, & Policy
Mycorrhizal fungi are symbiotic organisms that form mutually beneficial associations with plant roots, aiding plant partners in the uptake of water and nutrients while providing fungal partners with carbon in the form of simple sugars. In forest ecosystems, mycorrhizal fungi can form physical networks between plant individuals through shared mycorrhizal fungal colonization, which are thought to be major contributors to forest productivity and ecosystem function. The nutrients and water retained in these mycorrhizal networks may be integral to plant host survival, but there are major knowledge gaps in the understanding of how mycorrhizal networks will respond to future climate conditions. Closing these gaps will be integral to predicting and addressing near-future forest responses to changing climate (both above and belowground). Building on the growing body of research examining climate change’s impact on plants and their symbiotic relationships with mycorrhizal fungi, my research investigates how common mycorrhizal networks respond to warming and drought. I assess the conservation or loss of common mycorrhizal network stability with a series of growth chamber experiments exposing common temperate tree host species and their mycorrhizal symbionts to warming and drought. I observe the effects of stability, or lack of stability, on the plant symbionts, American Beech and Red Pines, through the measurement of plant growth.- Poster 29: Investigating the Impact of MLC-causing Mutations on Astrocyte Morphology in the Visual Cortex
Madelyn Coble / University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill / Neuroscience and Hispanic Linguistics
This project uses microscopy to investigate the impact of astrocyte mutations in a mouse model of a rare neuromuscular disorder called MLC and is important in emphasizing the role in the ever-important glial cells in disease pathology.- Poster 30: Fear Space
Jayden Schexnayder / Wake Forest University / Architecture
Fear Space investigates the connection between production design within horror cinema, phenomenological studies of fear, and architectural theory to establish a connection between fear, narrative, and spatial experiences. Through detailed analysis of set production in horror cinema, the project explores the process of spatial storytelling in film and translates findings into an exhibition proposal, offering a new perspective on the potential of architectural and experience design based in cinema. The methodology of the research is through experimentation and production of cinemetric drawings and compositional renderings to analyze selected horror cinema scenes to examine how they spatialize fear and use architectural elements as extensions to the narrative. Initial findings suggest that fear, especially of the dark, has an environmental quality in that it feels to be a space in which you enter, despite it having no true spatial element. Additionally, the common use of liminal spaces within horror films (i.e. hallways, stairs, thresholds) function as 'fear-producing' elements in horror set production. The research culminates in a proposed exhibition experience that showcases the produced graphics in a curated setting. The design utilizes the index developed from the research to carefully shape the work while also incorporating exhibition design principles and theories, building upon the theoretical foundations of film genre theory, architectural design theory, and philosophical/scientific theories of phenomenology. The research contributes to architectural theory through the exploration of these connections.- Poster 31: Assessing Neurotypical Variance Through Structural Imaging and Functional Connectivity
Sai Pranav Swarna / University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill / Neuroscience
Within the majority population consisting of neurotypical individuals, each individual doesn’t have the exact same brain structure. While all of their brains can be “averaged” into something that corresponds to the popular atlas representation, there are variances that differentiate each individual. These differences may be used to categorize individuals based on structural similarity and subsequently these categories can be investigated to determine accurate prediction of functional connectivity and behavioral measures. This study plans to use MRI neuroimaging along with machine learning techniques.- Poster 32: Charting Legal Landscapes: HRO Influence on Domestic Child Solider Laws
Mariah Robinson / Clemson University / Political Science
The use of children in armed conflict persists despite international attempts and domestic promises to curb this violation of human rights. International and regional Human Rights Organizations (HROs) play distinct yet interconnected roles in the global effort to provide support for child soldiers and prevent future recruitment. So, how do international versus regional HROs impact the strength of domestic laws concerning child soldiers?- Poster 33: Our City of Sins: A Historical Fiction Exploration of the 1746 Lima Earthquake
Samantha Ouellette / Boston College / English and History
This project explores the massive earthquake-tsunami that wreaked havoc on Lima, Peru in 1746. I approach colonial history through a gendered and environmental framework, demonstrating how a historical analysis of a natural disaster and its aftershocks reveal existing societal tensions and beliefs. The historical fiction structure of my project has allowed me to explore themes of gender, religion, and natural disasters/science through intimate storytelling. My guiding questions include: How was gender constructed in colonial Peru and how did gendered power structures manifest before, during, and after the 1746 earthquake? How did religious fears and tensions influence the rebuilding of Lima and new social regulations, especially regarding women’s bodies? How does this case study contribute to the greater conversation of women’s oppression and agency in the colonial period? What does a feminist approach to environmental history reveal about patterns of victim-blaming women during natural disasters? These questions concerning gender require close-reading of sources “against the grain” due to the lack of women’s voices in primary source documents. Further, this glimpse into how people responded to an unpredictable climate event should resonate with modern readers living through the age of climate change. The question of how a community rebuilds – ie. what is preserved and what is changed – offers a poignant chance to reflect on our own uncertain climate future.- Poster 34: Estimating Capitalized Agricultural Land Value by Irrigation and Heterogeneous Aquifer Management in South Carolina
Sarah Jane Eberhart / Clemson University / Agribusiness
This research seeks to explain the extent to which irrigation and aquifer management contribute to agricultural land use values in South Carolina, where irrigated acres have seen a 58% increase in the last 20 years, with a similar rise of 53% in agricultural land values. Using an econometric model, we use data from USDA, PRISM, gSSURGO, US drought monitor, SCDHEC, and the SC Census State Data Center to estimate the effect of irrigation and aquifer management on capitalized agriculture land value. The findings provide valuable insights into groundwater management policy.- Poster 35: Investigation of Diet-Specific Regulation of Intestinal Lipid Metabolism in C. elegans
Kendra Honey / University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill / Clinical Laboratory Science
Using the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), our lab has identified a Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway that regulates lipid metabolism differently when animals are consuming two closely related laboratory E. coli diets. Antibiotic treatment and heat-killing of the E. coli strains suggests that a live bacterial component is driving the rewiring of key metabolic processes in the animals.- Poster 36: Integration of Hybrid Learning in Introductory Engineering Design: A Comparative Study
Anani Green / North Carolina State University / Mechanical Engineering
Teaching large introductory engineering courses can be challenging due to limitations in class size and infrastructure. Hybrid learning offers a promising solution to enhance student engagement and learning outcomes. This study aims to evaluate the impact of transitioning a traditional introductory engineering design course to a hybrid format. The hybrid model combines in-person and online components. In-person sessions will focus on hands-on project work, group collaboration, and personalized instruction. Online components will provide flexibility for students to review lectures, complete assignments, and engage in asynchronous discussions. To assess the effectiveness of the hybrid approach, a comparative study will be conducted with 300 students. Half of the students will be enrolled in the traditional course, while the other half will experience the hybrid format. Both quantitative and qualitative data, including student surveys and performance metrics, will be collected to evaluate the impact on student learning, engagement, and satisfaction. By implementing a hybrid learning approach, we aim to create a more engaging and effective learning environment for introductory engineering students, fostering a stronger sense of community and improving overall student outcomes.- Poster 37: Utilizing Photogrammetry as a Means for Increasing the Accessibility of Artifact Repatriation
Max Schellhammer / Wake Forest University / Engineering and Music
Photogrammetry is the process of digitizing real-world objects using photographs to build an exact 3D model. Unlike alternatives like LiDAR, it renders objects as seen by the naked eye at only a fraction of the cost. Its ever-increasing versatility across a wide range of fields reckons it a powerful tool for analyzing objects. Meanwhile, museums worldwide are confronting the complex issue of repatriation – returning looted artifacts to their countries of origin. Repatriation is a necessary step towards addressing historical injustices, but concerns persist about the protection of returned artifacts, particularly in developing nations. Consequently, assurances are necessary that repatriated items will be properly protected and provenanced; the high cost of these protections, however, causes friction between a museum’s ethical responsibilities and financial realities. As a solution, this study explores the extent to which photogrammetric documentation can lower the financial threshold for repatriation. In Summer 2024, a $3000 budget photogrammetry pipeline was developed at the Lam Museum of Anthropology of Wake Forest University, which houses 138 ceramic antiquities from Niger’s Bura-Asinda-Sikka region. First, a studio was built with a blank backdrop, turntable, diffused lighting, and high-resolution camera that captured artifacts from all angles. Then, images were processed in RealityCapture to create 3D models for blockchain records, establishing provenance. Ultimately, through the cost-effective production of over 89 models, authorship of a practical handbook, and training of seven peers, this study demonstrates photogrammetry’s viability for accessible repatriation efforts and sets a new baseline, challenging museums to avoid complacency with their looted artifacts.- Poster 38: Non-Linear Relationship Between Mental Toughness and Anxiety in NCAA Athletes: Unexpected Mid-Range Vulnerability
Gabriel Rollins / University of Louisville / Sport Administration
Elite athletes often experience anxiety symptoms and disorders that can negatively impact their mental health (MH), psychological functioning, and performance. While mental toughness (MT) is typically seen as beneficial for MH outcomes, excessively high MT levels may promote maladaptive behaviors, such as ignoring injuries or delaying help-seeking, exacerbating MH challenges. PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between MT and anxiety in NCAA student-athletes, specifically testing for a non-linear trend. METHODS: A cross-sectional sample of 493 NCAA student-athletes (Mage = 19.9 ± 3.1 years; 57% female) across multiple varsity sports completed the Mental Toughness Index (MTI; range 7–56) and the Athlete Psychological Strain Questionnaire (APSQ; range 10–50; threshold = 17). A square-root plus one transform was applied to MTI (centered for modeling) due to a right-skewed distribution. Quadratic regression using ordinary least squares examined associations between transformed MTI and APSQ scores. Model assumptions were confirmed, and the vertex was back-transformed to determine the MT level associated with peak anxiety. RESULTS: The model explained 33% of anxiety variance (RÇ = .33, p < .001). A significant negative quadratic term (β₂ = –2.12, p < .001) revealed a concave-down relationship, with peak anxiety at mid-range MTI (26.60). At this level, predicted anxiety exceeded the clinical threshold (17), while lower and higher MTI levels corresponded to reduced anxiety. CONCLUSION: Moderate MT levels are linked to peak anxiety, challenging the uniform benefits of MT. Collegiate athletic programs may benefit from additional screening at moderate MT levels. Future research should replicate findings and explore causation.
- Poster 39: Identifying New Targets of Salmonella Induced GSK3 Tyrosine Phosphorylation
Sophia Shen / Duke University / Biology
Non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica causes approximately 1 million cases of gastroenteritis annually in the United States, resulting in the highest morbidity rate among all foodborne illnesses. S. enterica depends on secreted protein effectors to hijack host cellular functions and enable further bacterial infection. We previously discovered that the protein effector SarA (Salmonella anti-inflammatory response activator) is required for phosphorylation of the transcription factor STAT3 and leads to increased production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 (interleukin-10). SarA facilitates STAT3 phosphorylation through binding of GSK3 (glycogen synthase kinase-3). This interaction alters the amino acid specificity of the serine-threonine kinase GSK3 to phosphorylate a tyrosine in both SarA and STAT3, inducing an anti-inflammatory effect in host cells. We hypothesize that the conversion of GSK3 to a tyrosine-directed kinase will also result in novel protein phosphorylation. We will use mass spectrometry to analyze protein phosphorylation during overexpression of wild type and mutant SarA. Based on these results, we will conduct further analyses through GSK3 knockdown, inhibition, or purification, to determine the direct cause of protein phosphorylation. The conversion of GSK3 to a tyrosine-directed kinase by SarA allows a bacterial protein to reprogram host cell signaling and create a beneficial environment for bacterial infection. Understanding novel GSK3 phosphorylation of other tyrosines will help to uncover SarA’s role in S. enterica pathogenicity and its effects on the host cell. Furthermore, studying SarA’s manipulation of GSK3 may reveal new pathways and biological processes where GSK3 could play a role and advance knowledge of how kinase-substrate interactions are modified.- Poster 40: Investigating the Roles of Extrinsic Apoptosis and Necroptosis in Sculpting the Developing Mouse Brain
Alison Song / University of Virginia / Biology
The precise regulation of cell number is fundamental to central nervous system (CNS) development, orchestrated through diverse processes of proliferation, differentiation, and programmed cell death. During early development, up to 50% of neurons and glia are eliminated through developmental pruning to establish functional neural circuits. While it is generally known that programmed cell death shapes the developing brain, the roles of specific cell death pathways remain poorly understood. A core example of this complexity lies in the dual role of receptor-interactive protein kinase (RIPK) 1, which can either trigger extrinsic apoptosis or, in the absence of caspase-8, assemble with RIPK3 to promote necroptosis, a programmed form of necrosis. To investigate these interactions, we applied single-cell mass cytometry (CyTOF) to map the cellular framework of the developing mouse telencephalon in wild-type (WT), necroptosis-deficient RIPK3 knockout (RIPK3 KO), and necroptosis/extrinsic apoptosis-deficient RIPK3/Caspase-8 double knockout (DKO) mice. The combined deletion of RIP3 and Caspase-8 significantly increases total cell count, implicating necroptosis and extrinsic apoptosis as key contributors to developmental pruning. Further analysis reveals cell type-dependent outcomes resulting from coordinated or complementary pathway action. Notably, DKO mice show marked increases in Tbr2+ intermediate progenitor neurons (29%) and endothelial cells (34%) compared to WT, highlighting widespread effects on neural circuit-building and neurovascular coverage. We also observe compensatory mechanisms that occur upon pathway disruption, suggesting a delicate balance between cell death pathways to maintain developmental homeostasis. These findings have huge implications for developing targeted therapies that combat aberrant cell death in neurodevelopmental disorders.- Poster 41: Thermodynamic Studies of O2 Activation and O-Atom Transfer at High-Valent Vanadyl Complexes with Redox-Active Ligands
Mariah C Castillo Puppo / Georgia Institute of Technology / Chemistry
Selective oxidations reactions of small molecules are a cornerstone of synthesis and energy conversion reactions in natural and artificial systems. The use of air as a source of an O-atom in oxygenase-type redox catalyst is attractive economically and environmentally. However, metals that can cleanly homolyze O_2 to generate oxidizing oxo complexes are rare and limited to later, more electronegative metals. The tendency of early, electropositive transition metals to resist reduction introduces a barrier to O-atom transfer or oxygenase-type redox catalysts that rely on reduced metals to cleave O_2. We proposed that redox-active ligands might facilitate multielectron O-atom transfer in Group 3-5 metals. A five-coordinate chlorovanadium complex supported by redox-active N-phenyl amidophenolate ligands was prepared. Structural and computational data suggest that the formally vanadium(V) species is better formulated as [(Phap)(Phisq)VIVCl] with an iminoseminquinonate radical. Exposure of [(Phap)(Phisq)V(IV)Cl] to O2 readily cleaves the O=O bond, affording [(Phisq)(Phibq)V(IV)(O)Cl], with a doubly oxidized iminobenzoquinone ligand. Accordingly, the two-electron O-atom addition occurs without a change in experimental oxidation state at the vanadium center. The thermodynamics of these O-atom transfers were studied through reactions with different substrates of known X–O bond dissociation enthalpies (BDEs) and spectroscopic methods. The V=O bond strength was estimated to be 68 ± 9 kcal/mol, which is significantly weakened relative to similar VV=O complexes with redox-innocent ligands. This poster will present details of the O-atom transfer scope and thermochemistry, as well as preliminary extensions to selective aerobic N-H oxidations.